Will the adoption and implementation of the screening , diagnostic, and timely intervention procedures strengthen the development of the health system and overall social development, in a manner consistent with primary health care principles.

-
Essential questions to ask in considering this criterion are : will the screening and – timely –intervention operation tend to increase equity in the allocation of health resources ? is it likely to result in improved health status for those in greatest need? which population groups are most likely to benefit from screening activities for asymptomatic individuals?
Especially where large population groups, rural populations, or poor populations on the urban periphery, do not have access to basic health and education services , a decision to conduct screening for an asymptomatic condition is likely to increase disparities between the covered and uncovered populations in terms of the utilization of health services. Screening for asymptomatic conditions in likely to attract the more highly educated, who are also those with greater access to places where screening is performed . further more , screening will result in abnormal findings for some individuals; this will entail additional resources for definitive diagnosis and ultimately for treatment . the screening operation will thus have created a demand among those screened for the provision of additional services . this demand may result in the further allocation of resources that will benefit only a limited number of people who already enjoy better health status and health services than the large underserved groups . thus unless services are consciously targeted at those at highest risk, the benefits will generally be enjoyed be those segments of the population that already make most use ot health care services. The targeting of screening efforts is discussed further in chapter3.

Will the local health system infrastructure tend to be strengthened  by the introduction of the activities under consideration? will there be side benefits such as better coordination between different units or levels within the health system, or between health services and services I other sectors? Will the measures contemplated help to improve the status of women, or will they promote community involvement or contribute in some other way to overall social development? Will they strengthen public awareness of health promotion and prevention?

Popular posts from this blog

Screening of children and adults to prevent and control communicable diseases

-
Image
Screening of children and adults to prevent and control communicable diseases This chapter discusses infectious diseases that endanger the health of the individual affected and sometimes others in the community. Because this material is generally relevant for all age groups , it was thought most convenient to present this as a separate chapter. Prevention and control of communicable diseases should be integral components of comprehensive primary health care programmes  for each general age group and should not be organized into separate vertical programmes focused on specific diseases. General comments on screening for communicable diseases In general, in dealing with highly prevalent communicable diseases that are a significant public health problem, the screening of asymptomatic persons will play a limited role and should be primarily an adjunct to other measures. Emphasis should be placed on primary prevention (often requiring environmental measures )and on public educatio
Read more

How do children get pneumonia?

-
Image
  Children can get pneumonia through various means, and the most common cause is infection with bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms. The infection typically enters the lungs, causing inflammation of the air sacs and leading to the development of pneumonia. Here are some common ways children can contract pneumonia: Bacterial Infections: Bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus can cause bacterial pneumonia. These bacteria can be spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Viral Infections: Viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza (flu), and adenovirus, are common causes of viral pneumonia. Viruses can be transmitted through respiratory secretions or by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. Aspiration: Inhaling foreign objects, such as food, liquids, or vomit, can lead to aspiration pneumonia. This is more common in young children who may not have fully developed
Read more

Is the cost of the screening and timely intervention operation warranted,given all the considerations covered in items 1-6 above, in comparison with alternative uses of the resources

-
Will the operation divert resources from other measures that are likely to be more effective? What other ways are there of addressing the problem that do not involve screening ? are these better? Will the screening operation divert health workers attention from more crucial efforts addressing the principal health problems of the population ? will it accomplish little but create the impression among the public that their problems are being dealt with and divert their attention from issues of higher priority ? In order to answer these questions , the costs and benefits of the proposed screening and intervention activities must be weighed against those of alternative strategies, taking into account both direct and indirect, as well as immediate and future , benefits . When planned thoughtfully and implemented in a population-based fashion, screening can provide a rational bases for resource allocation. it can be used to ensure that preventive measures are applied where they will have
Read more